ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE 

1.       Relative pronoun

-          Who

-          Whom

-          Whose

-          Which

-          That

2.       Relative adverb

-          Why

-          When

-          Where

-          That

“Relative pronoun”

Example :

1.       Who (orang), untuk subjek

a.       The man is very rich.

b.      He is standing there.

Ø  The man who is standing there is very rich.

a.       The boys are heppy.

b.      They won the lottery.

Ø  The boys who won the lottery are heppy.

2.       Whom (orang), untuk objek

a.       Do you know the boy ?

b.      She loves him very much.

·         Do you know the boy whom she loves very much.

a.       The foreigner comes from U.K.

b.      I had converstation whit him.

·         The foreigner whom I had converstation comes from U.K. 

3.       Whose (orang), untuk milik

a.       The man come from south America.

b.      His skin is black.

o   The man whose skin is black come from south America.

a.       We visited my uncle.

b.      His house is in the village.

o   We visited my uncle whose house is in the village.

4.       Which, untuk non human/orang

a.       The cat is funny.

b.      It’s sleeping under the table.

o   The cat which is sleeping under the table is funny.

“Relative adverb”

Example :

1.       Why, untuk menyatakan alas an

o   Give me one good reason why you did that.

2.       When, untuk menyatakan waktu

o   This is the year when the Olympic games are held.

3.       Where, untuk menyatakan tempat

o   All is the place where I live.

4.       That, all human / non human.

                 

                                     

MODALS

Possibility (Kemungkinan)	•          Could •          May •          Might
Advisable (Saran)	•          Had Better •          Ought To •          Should
Intention (Tujuan)	•          Shall •          Will
Necessity (Keharusan)	•          Must •          Have To
Past Habit	•          Whould

Chould / may / might	The speaker has no information and only guessing
Should / ought to	The speaker has some information
Must	The speaker is almost sure
Will / going to	The speaker is sure

Example:

·         Where is jane ?

-          She might stay at home

-          She should stay at home

-          She must stay at home

-          She will stay at home

MODALS PAST EVENT

Should	Have + V3	seharusnya
Must		Kesimpulan waktu lampau
Could		Kemampuan / tidak dilakukan
might		Kemungkinan pada masa lampau

Example:

·         He must have known how much it was going to cost

PREFERENCE

PREFERENCE

Preference adalah suatu ungkapan yang menyatakan pilihan untuk membandingkan suatu benda /  aktivitas yang satu dengan benda / aktivitas lainnya.

Ada beberpa cara yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan pilihan antara lain:

·         Would rather  V-1 / be than V-1 / be

example:

I would father eat apple than drink apple juice

·         Prefer (s) V-ing /  Noun to V-ing / Noun

example:

I prefer drinking milk to eating choclate

·         Like (s) V –ing /Noun better  than V –ing / Noun

example:

I like coffee better than choclate

·         Would prefer to V -1 rather  than V -1   

example:

I would prefer to sing rather than dance

COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

1.     Comparative ( membandingkan )

a.  er..... than

ð  satu suku kata

ð  dua suku kata akhiran “ y ”

b.  more..... than

ð  lebih dari suku kata

2.    Superlative ( paling )

a.  the ..... east

ð  satu suku kata

ð  dua suku kata

b.  the most

lebih dari suku kata

example:

ð  Rabin is taller than Jane

ð  Jane is more beautiful than Maya

ð  Rabin is the smartest student in the class

ð  This dress is the most expensive dress

ð  Tom is siller  (sly )than Jerry

Possitive	Comparative	Supperlative
Expensive	More expensive	Most expensive
Full	Fuller	Fullest
Fresh	Fresher	Freshest
Exciting	More exciting	Most exciting
Dangerous	More dangerous	Most dangerous
Cheap	Cheaper	Cheapest
Funny	Funnier	Funniest
Popular	More popular	Most popular
Long	Longer	Longest
Deep	Deeper	Deepest

       Irregular forms of comparative supperlative

Possitive	Comparative	Supperlative
Good	Better	Best
Bad	Worse	Worst
Far	Further	Furthest
little	Less	Learst

   

example:

ð  My car is better than his car

ð  My car is the best

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Conditional sentence biasa disebut kalimat pengadaian, karena memang salah satu klausanya biasa menggunakan kata “ if “ ( jika ), yakni kata yang  biasa dipakai untuk berandai – andai. Sebenarnya definisi yang lebih tepat adalah kalimat bersyarat, yakni  kalimat yang salah satu klausanya  mengandung makna SYARAT. Mensyaratkan sesuatu tidak harus dengan “ if “ tapi bisa juga dengan kata – kata lain seperti: as long as ( selama ), provided that ( asalkan ) atau unless ( jika_tidak ).

1.     If +  V1 / be 1, Modals I + V1

Real mungkin terjadi )

excample:

·         I have money, I will go to LA

·         If you eat breakfast, you will get enough energi

2.    If + V2 / were, Modals II +V1

Unreal: tidak mungkin terjadi sekarang.

excample:

·         If I a president, I would overcome the corruption.

= I’am not a president

·         If you were me, what would you do?

       = You’re not me

3.    If + had ( had been ) + V3, Modals II + have + V3

Unreal:  perkembangan dengan masa lalu

example:

·         If SBY had been a president 10 years ago, he would have groun many factories

= he was not a president

·         If you had come yesterday, you would have met him

= you  didn’t come yesterday

CONJUCTION

Conjuction atau konjungsi  adalah kara hubung atau kata sambung .

1.     And => sejajar

excample:

·         I like dancing and swimming

·         I eat friedrice and drink milk

2.    Not Only 

example:

·         She is not only smart but also

3.    Even though, although=> walaupun

·         Eventhough=> kondisi (-) hasil (+)

example: eventhough Ram had studied very hard, he did not scare well.

4.    Because, although, eventhough + clause

Because of, due to, in spite of / despite + Noun

Because of you, I got on accident

Because I got an accident, I can’t wals

Techniques in reading

·         Skimming

ð  to find the general information

·         Scanning

ð  to find the specific information

·         Context clup

ð  Comprehend the unfamiliar words based on the context.